Nieuwe technologieën en toepassingen van polyurethaanmaterialen en polyurethaanproducten

Nieuwe technologieën en toepassingen vanpolyurethaan materials and polyurethaan products

Polyurethaanmaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce polyurethaan products with different properties and properties.

Among rubber rubber types, there are polyurethaan rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.

Polyurethaanmaterialen worden momenteel veel gebruikt op verschillende gebieden. In de lucht- en ruimtevaartindustrie zijn de harde producten, zachte producten en schuimproducten bijvoorbeeld lichter dan metalen materialen, [zeer belangrijk voor vliegtuigen] en hebben ze een hoge veerkracht en onbrandbaarheid. , Zeer sterke, ultra-lage temperatuurisolatie, enz., gebruikt voor vliegtuigkappen, snelheidsremmen, radomes, brandstoftankvullers voor vliegtuigen, verdampingsboeien voor brandstofverbruik, enz., evenals verschillende steunframes en zitkussens voor interne decoratie . Het wordt gebruikt voor warmtebehoud in de transportindustrie.Polyurethaanmaterialen zijn onlosmakelijk verbonden met materialen en zitkussens, de productie van woninginrichting en zelfs hoogwaardige condooms voor volwassenen en banden. En de recente ontwikkeling en het gebruik van producten in schokabsorptie- en dempingsaccessoires voor auto's hebben meer aandacht getrokken.

Although there are many types of polyurethaan products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:

Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing polyurethaan rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic polyurethaan, het kan worden geproduceerd door een gietmethode. Flexibel nemen;polyurethaan foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of polyurethaan flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.

Dit nieuwe typepolyurethaanflexibele schuimrubberen schokabsorberende onderdelen maken gebruik van een geavanceerd "eenstaps" vormproces, dat wil zeggen, alle componenten van de grondstoffen in de formulering, zoals isocyanaat, polyolpolymeer, kettingverlenger, katalysator, schuimstabilisator en andere. wordt gemeten volgens de formule, met isocyanaat als aparte component, en verschillende hulpstoffen zoals polyolpolymeer, water, hulpblaasmiddel, ketenverlenger, oppervlakteactieve stof, katalysator, enz. worden vooraf tot één component bereid en vervolgens één keer toevoegen het naar de reactor en voeg daarna het schuimmiddel toe. Na roeren en mengen met hoge snelheid wordt het schuimreactieproces uitgevoerd. Dit productieproces in één stap is bijzonder geschikt voor het verwerken van accessoires met complexe vormen en kleine specificaties. Bij de vormmethode wordt de gemengde vloeistof direct in een vorm met een gecompliceerde vorm geïnjecteerd en vervolgens in de vormholte geschuimd om te vormen. Producten gemaakt volgens deze methode. De specificaties en afmetingen zijn nauwkeurig en kunnen naar behoefte ook worden gebruikt als met metaal ingelegde producten.

Polyurethaanproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for polyurethaan products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with polyurethaan material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the polyurethaan industry will have more room for development.